Neighboring provinces are (clockwise from the north): Santiago del Estero, Santa Fe, Buenos Aires, La Pampa, San Luis, La Rioja and Catamarca.

Contents

* 1 History
* 2 Economy
* 3 Government

History

Before the Spanish conquest a few different tribes lived in the region now called Córdoba Province, most notably the Comechingones and Sanavirones.

Once settled in Alto Perú, the Spaniards searched for a route to the Río de la Plata port in the Atlantic Ocean to transport the Peruvian gold and silver to Europe.

Córdoba de la Nueva Andalucía (nowdays Córdoba) was founded as a middle point on that route on July 6, 1573 by Jerónimo Luis de Cabrera. The Colegio Convictorio de Nuestra Señora de Monserrat is founded by the Jesuits in 1599, and in 1622 it became the Universidad de Córdoba ("University of Cordoba") in 1622, the first one in Argentina. The city continued growing as an important cultural center supported by the traffic of precious metals from Perú. In 1761 a printing press was installed in the University.

In 1783, seven years after the consolidation of the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata, the Intendencia de Córdoba became the capital of what now includes the La Rioja, Mendoza, San Juan and San Luis Province, dividing the former Tucumán Intendency in two. Rafael de Sobremonte was its first governor, when Córdoba City had 38,800 inhabitants.

After the May Revolution in 1810, governor Gutiérrez de la Concha joined a meeting that decided to ignore the authority of the Buenos Aires Junta. Ortiz de Ocampo attacked the city and executed the leaders of the opposition, among whom was Santiago de Liniers, leader of the resistance during the British invasions of the Río de la Plata.

Under the hand of Juan Bautista Bustos, and especially after 1820, Córdoba and Buenos Aires started a struggle for the organization of the Nation that had, by that time, neither legislative nor executive branches. Córdoba pleaded for a federal organization of the provinces while Rivadavia pretended a centralised government in Buenos Aires. For 15 years the province was submerged in internal revolts that started to stabilize in 1868 under the provisional government of Félix de la Peña.

During the presidency of Sarmiento an astronomic observatory (1871) and the Faculty of Physic Sciences and Mathematics (1873) were inaugurated.

Córdoba had a second population growth due to the immigration attracted by the arrival of the railways. From 1887 on, several agricultural colonies (San Francisco, Marcos Juárez, etc) emerged, while former rest-point Fraile Muerto (Bell Ville), Ferreira (Villa María) and Los Luceros (Río Segundo), on the route to Buenos Aires, became agricultural, commercial and industrial centers respectively.

The University Reform movement from Córdoba in 1918 not only influenced the rest of the country but the rest of South America. Modernization of the curricular contents and the improvement of the students' rights were the main achievements of the movement.

After World War II, many foreign workers and workers from other provinces in Argentina were seduced by Córdoba's industrial development, which grew thanks to the expansion of the car industry and its deviates. During Arturo Frondizi's presidency (1958-1962), most car industry installations where settled in Cordoba City and its surroundings.

Like in the rest of the country, Peronist groups emerged in 1955 after the coup that took Juan Perón out of office. These Peronist groups, together with other socialist and anarchist groups, started opposing the many military governments of the 1960. Worker and student participation of politics grew due to the popular discontent, resulting in the popular revolt known as "El Cordobazo". This revolt, mirrored by the Rosariazo and others in several parts of the country, undermined the power of Onganía and ultimately caused him to be driven out of office by other military factions.

Economy

Agriculture and livestock provide 25% of the province's income. The agriculture is centered in soybeans, wheat and maize, and other cereals. Cattle and sheep enjoy the grass of Cordoba's green hills. The province provides 15% of the national cattle production. The food industry around oil, milk and cereal derivatives is also very important, the candy factory Arcor being one of the most important.

The installation of the Fábrica Militar de Aviones in 1927, and other state-owned industries placed Córdoba among the most important industrial points in Argentina. In the second half of the 20th century, the industry centered on manufacturing cars and agricultural machinery. Industry represents 20% of the province's income, and the energy production that supports it is based mainly in 15 hydroelectric dams (2,350 millions kW/hour), and the Embalse Río Tercero PHWR atomic plant (600 MWe).

Mining includes many different minerals, and construction material such as marble and lime. Uranium is also extracted to feed the three Argentine atomic plants.

Tourism, as in the rest of Argentina, is a growing industry favored by the mild weather, a number of small rivers, and low height green hills. Around 3 million tourists from the rest of Argentina and other countries visit Córdoba every year. The province has 500,000 beds within hotels, hostels, farms for tourists and other types of accommodation. Important festivities include the Cosquín National Folk Music, and Jesús María Folk and Taming Festivals. Transport: Major highways include 1 north from San Francisco to San Guillermo (Santa Fé province), 7 west from Rufino 275 km to Mercedes (San Luis), 8 west from Venado Tuerto (Santa Fe) 355 km via Rio Curato to Mercedes, 9 north-west from Rosario (Santa Fé) 409 km to Córdoba and north 224 km to Villa Ojo de Agua (Santiago del Estero), 15 north from Mina Clavero on 34 about 90 km across 28 at Salsacate to join 38 at Soto, 19 west from San Francisco on the border with Santa Fé province 210 km to Córdoba, 28 west from Córdoba 270 km to La Rioja province, 34 south-west from Córdoba 208 km to join 20 and 148 to San Luis and Mercedes, 35 north from Realicó on the border with La Pampa province 226 km to Rio Cuarto, 36 north from Rio Cuarto 217 km to Córdoba, 38 north from Córdoba via Cosquín and west via Soto 271 km to Chamiel (La Rioja province), 60 north-west from Jesús María (70 km north of Córdoba) 166 km to La Guardia (Catarmarca province), and 158 north from Rio Cuarto 292 km to San Francisco. Córdoba is connected by rail with Buenos Aires, Rosario, Mendoza and Tucumán. There is an international airport at Cordoba, and a domestic airport at Rio Cuarto.

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Información provista por http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Córdoba_Province_(Argentina)
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